STEALING THE SILVER LINING FROM YOUR CLOUD
A presentation at Black Hat WebCast by Anant Shrivastava
STEALING THE SILVER LINING FROM YOUR CLOUD Anant Shrivastava : Technical Director
We hack Web Application Security Assessment Infrastructure Security Assessment We teach Beginner Friendly Hacking 101 Basic Infrastructure Hacking Basic Web Hacking Mobile Application Security Assessment Source Code Review IoT Security Assessment Advanced/Specialist Offensive Courses Advanced Infrastructure Hacking Advanced Web Hacking Hacking and Securing Cloud Red Team Exercises Specialist Defensive Courses For private/corporate training please contact us at: training@notsosecure.com Application Security for Developers DevSecOps
About Myself • • • • • Director NotSoSecure Global Services Sysadmin / Development / Security : all shades of IT Project Owner: HackingArchivesofIndia, AndroidTamer, CodeVigilant Contributor : null, G4H and many more @anantshri on social platforms © 2021 NotSoSecure Global Services Ltd, all rights reserved 3
Agenda • Setting the Stage o o o • Organizations in cloud Cloud Migration Understanding the environment o o • Everyone wants cloud Cloud Responsibility matrix Cloud Security Tooling Stealing the silver lining o o ATT&CK Framework Example Scenarios © 2021 NotSoSecure Global Services Ltd, all rights reserved 4
Everyone Wants Cloud • • • • Cloud Computing is the “In” thing. Besides the usuals of why cloud makes sense. 2020 has made it pretty clear remote working is here to stay. Data Centers & concepts of physical network boundaries are aging © 2021 NotSoSecure Global Services Ltd, all rights reserved 5
Orgs In the Cloud • Born in Cloud Now (Fully cloud Native : no self datacenter footprint) o o o • Mostly Startups SaaS Service providers Cloud service aggregator or consumers Migrating from existing o o o o o Rehost (Lift and Shift) Refactor (modernize application for cloud but still stick largely to IaaS) Rearchitect (monolith to microservices, containers / orchestration) Rebuild (rewrite app as cloud native apps) Replace (leveraging other SaaS options) © 2021 NotSoSecure Global Services Ltd, all rights reserved 6
Cloud Migration : Security Concerns • • • Cloud is a paradigm shift from conventional environments Conventional wisdom and controls just won’t work Cloud Security concerns o o o o o Misconfigurations are the biggest concerns Access control failures (Insecure API’s / Interfaces) Unauthorized access due to credential leakage Unintended Data Exposure to public Data Loss and data sovereignty is next in line (GDPR and similar) Ref: https://notsosecure.com/security-architecture-review-of-a-cloud-native-environment/ © 2021 NotSoSecure Global Services Ltd, all rights reserved 7
Responsibility Matrix Responsibilities On-prem IaaS CaaS PaaS FaaS SaaS All Things Client Side Tenant Tenant Tenant Tenant Tenant Tenant Data (Transit and Cloud) Tenant Tenant Tenant Tenant Tenant Tenant Identity & Access Management Tenant Tenant Tenant Tenant Tenant Tenant Functional Logic Tenant Tenant Tenant Tenant Tenant Provider Applications Tenant Tenant Tenant Tenant Provider Provider Runtime Tenant Tenant Tenant Provider Provider Provider Middleware Tenant Tenant Provider Provider Provider Provider OS Tenant Tenant Provider Provider Provider Provider Virtualization Tenant Provider Provider Provider Provider Provider Load Balancing Tenant Provider Provider Provider Provider Provider Networking Tenant Provider Provider Provider Provider Provider Servers Tenant Provider Provider Provider Provider Provider Physical Security Tenant Provider Provider Provider Provider Provider © 2021 NotSoSecure Global Services Ltd, all rights reserved 8
Security Tooling in Cloud • • • Most vendors provide basic set of tools 3rd parties are still needed for some tools Native tool offerings o o o • Tightly coupled with Cloud providers and hence larger visibility Mostly internals are hidden, and only limited stuff is exposed Limitation in terms of flexibility on modifying the outputs 3rd Party offering o o o Especially useful if you are in multi cloud / hybrid environment Limited to the stuff exposed to 3rd party Allows more flexibility in terms of output modification © 2021 NotSoSecure Global Services Ltd, all rights reserved 9
Attacking the Cloud • MITRE does a good job © 2021 NotSoSecure Global Services Ltd, all rights reserved 11
Enumeration © 2021 NotSoSecure Global Services Ltd, all rights reserved 12
Storage Accounts • • Lynchpin of cloud existance Storage attacks o o o Enumeration Attack Exploit and post exploit © 2021 NotSoSecure Global Services Ltd, all rights reserved 13
AWS S3 https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/2-percent-of-amazon-s3-public-buckets-arent-write-protected-exposed-to-ransom-attacks/ https://blog.httpcs.com/etude-dimpact-configuration-aws-buckets-amazon-s3/ © 2021 NotSoSecure Global Services Ltd, all rights reserved 14
Azure blob © 2021 NotSoSecure Global Services Ltd, all rights reserved 15
Azure Attacks: Azure Storage Starting point: Overly Privileged Azure Storage SAS URL is exposed Exploitation Process: Case Study • Obtain an Azure Storage SAS URL • Load the URL in Azure Storage explorer or similar • Identify various assets available in the storage • Access the source code of the Azure function • Plant a backdoor, next invocation gets the backdoor running • Hide the backdoor Reference: https://www.notsosecure.com/identifying-exploiting-leaked-azure-storage-keys/ © 2021 NotSoSecure Global Services Ltd, all rights reserved 16
PaaS: Elastic Beanstalk: Attack Case Study • Starting point: SSRF on an application hosted in AWS Elastic Beanstalk Exploitation Process: Case Study 1. Obtained Metadata details (account id, region, security-credentials) 2. No direct access to read S3 bucket list 3. Enumerated bucket name using the account id and region 4. Access source code of the application via AWS S3 CLI 5. CI/CD in place hence a backdoor pushed to S3 bucket will result in shell deployed on the official website 6. Summitroute did extra research & identified more such naming patterns Reference: https://www.notsosecure.com/exploiting-ssrf-in-aws-elastic-beanstalk/ https://summitroute.com/blog/2019/02/10/aws_resource_naming_patterns/ https://gist.github.com/0xdabbad00/645837c1fcd043876d13a56819188227 © 2021 NotSoSecure Global Services Ltd, all rights reserved 17
Authentication Services: AWS IAM • Cloud shadow admins are the accounts which have permissions that attackers could abuse to escalate privileges and take hold of the entire environment • These accounts are typically overlooked as they are not a member of privileged group (Ex. Domain Admin) © 2021 NotSoSecure Global Services Ltd, all rights reserved 18
AWS Policies Case Study • AWS has multiple policies which are basically mapped to user roles to grant/restrict the access • “AmazonElasticTranscoderFullAccess” policy has “iam:PutRolePolicy” permissions. • “iam:PutRolePolicy” permission allows us to attach an inline policy to role. • AWS has fixed this by rolling out new policy “AmazonElasticTranscoder_FullAccess” Reference: https://medium.com/ymedialabs-innovation/an-aws-managed-policy-thatallowed-granting-root-admin-access-to-any-role-51b409ea7ff0
AWS Cognito Case Study • Cognito supports two types of credentials Unauthenticated and Authenticated • Unauthenticated credentials related research was performed by Andres Riancho (BlackHat 2019) • We extended the research around authenticated Credentials and found ways to leverage hidden signup features Reference: https://andresriancho.com/internet-scale-analysis-of-aws-cognito-security/ https://www.notsosecure.com/hacking-aws-cognito-misconfigurations/
Thank You Contact / Feedback : anant@notsosecure.com We are running multiple training programs @ BlackHat USA 2021 Hacking & Securing Cloud Infrastructure 2/4 days Web Hacking Black Belt Edition 2/4 days Advanced Infrastructure Hacking 2/4 days https://notsosecure.com/blackhat-2021/ © 2021 NotSoSecure Global Services Ltd, all rights reserved 21
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The last couple of years have seen a tremendous growth in cloud adoption. Every organisation has some cloud usage, using either a mixture of in-house and public cloud or they are fully cloud based. This unprecedented adoption of technologies has opened gaping holes in an organisation’s security landscape. Whilst moving to the cloud is a sensible move because vendors are taking an increasingly larger responsibility in being more proactive towards security, it also opens organisations up to be more severely punished for their mistakes.
In this demo filled webinar, we will discuss various scenarios where cloud based technologies have given opportunities to attackers that have resulted in catastrophic repercussions for the company involved.
We will look at ways to exploit these cloud environments from an attackers point of view, covering various phases of attack from enumeration to exploitation, through the escalation of privileges and ending with a complete ownage of the cloud network.
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